Apparatus for distilling fuel.



H. F. WALLMANN. APPARATUS FOR DISTILL-ING FUEL.

APPLxcMmn man MAY 9. 19.2.

1,210,388. Patented Dec. 2 6, 1916.

3 SHEETS-SHEET l.

l FF! l m R- l I 1 t 1 m. R.

wif/fesses H. F. WALLMANN. APPARATUS FR DSTILLING FUEL. AFPUQAUQN manMvg, 1912.

Patented Dec. 26, 1916.

Il SHEETS-SHEET 2.

im MMM/fm@ H. F. WALLMANN. APPARATUS FOR DISTILUNG FUEL. APPucmuN mm MAYs. 19:2.

UNITED STATES PATENT oEErcE.

HENNING FRIEDRICH WALLMANN, 0F CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

APPARATUS FOR DISTILLING FUEL.

Application led Kay 9, 1912. Serial No. 686,720.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENNING Fninmucn VVALLMANN, a citizen of the UnitedStates of America. residing at Chicago, in the countyof (look and Stateof lllinois, have invented a` new, useful, and Improved Apparatus forDistilling Fuel, of which the following is a description, referencebeing had to the accompanying drawings, formv ing a part of thisspecification, in which similar letters and numerals of reference in theseveral tigures indicate similar parts.

My invention relates to apparatuses tordistilli ng fuel orhydro-carbonaceoussubstances, such as bituminous coal. lignite, wood,peat, garbage, etc., am] more particularly to apparatuses bv which greatquantities of hib drocarbo1nn:vous furl can be quickly heated inconseoutiw order by means of the continuous combustion oi' a minimumamount ot' fue] and can thereby be distilled and coked in consecutiveorder. but in a very short space oiI time; and t-he objects of myimprovements are, first.` to provideprefer ably a plurality ofsubstantially vertical distillation conduits cach with two oppositeshort, stationarv and two opposite long, movable sideoralls` ot whichthe latter preferably are parallel to each other and con strncted ofwell heat-romlncting material; sec-ond, to provide the said long movableside-walls with apertures Vt'or he passage of a distilling agent ingaseous tormmthird, to provide on oml ol' two opposite long sieles ofearli distillation conduit a movable heating chamber with one or two olisaid long side-walls as part` or parts reslnctively of construction;fourth, to provisie ou the other oi' .said two opposite longl sides ot'each distillation conduit a. movable chamber or rlisrhargca-anal fordistillatcs with one or two ot' said long sido-walls as part or7 partsrespectively of construction: tii'th, to supply a heating agent orheating agi-nts,

f preferably a combustible and air into the said movable heating chamberand, in the preferred case, to burn the said combustible in the saidheating chamber; sixth, to provide means for continuously conveyinghydro-carbonareous tuel in a certain direction through each ot tlnI saiddistillation eon duits and for continumisly moving a dis tilting agent,preferably hot gaseous products of combustion or steam or a mixture ofsuch fluids through the conveyed fuel in a direction transverse to thedirection of Specification of Letters Patent.

the fuel conveyance toward the said Inovable chamber or chambers fordistillates; seventh, to divide the said chamber for distillates intoseveral compartments for separating from each other distillatesgenerated at different stages of distillation; eighth, to support eachof the said movable chambers by means of rollers and to provide suitablemechanical means for moving and preferably for reciprocating the saidchambers, preferably in opposite directions, with respect to cach other;ninth, to provide special suitable means for producing a heating anddistilling agent; tenth, to provide means for simultaneously cooling anddischarging the residue of distillation, in special. cases, the producedcoke or charcoal and for properly utilizing the heat withdrawn from suchresidue; and eleventh, to cool a first portion of distillates generatedfrom moist fuel to thereby 'condense steam of said portion, to dischargeseparately from each other the resulting water and .a noncondensed partof the said portion, and to lead this non-condensed part intoincandescent residue of distillation. I attain these objects by theapparatus illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which'- Figure lis a `vertical section through one special form ofthe apparatus; Fig. 2isla. vertical section at right angles to Fig. 1` and on the dotted linem-m in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a horizontal section on the line :nf-dn. inli`igs. 1 and 2; Figs. 4 and 5 illustrate a detail of construction; Fig.6 illustrates a detail of the improved apparatus. i

R is a receptacle or opper for solid fuel located above a plurality ofdistillation conduits D, D. A screw-eonveyer S may be provided fortransporting fuel from a. magazine M into the receptacle R, and alinkbolt conreyer L may evenly distribute the fuel into the distillationconduits D, D. Each of the latter is oblong in plan, and on one of itslong sigles is located ai heating vessel H and on the o )posite side avessel (l for distillates. The licating'vessels H, H as well as thevessels C, C4 for distillates, are each movably supported by rollers,balls or wheels 10, 10 located andproperly lsupporter] within chambersB, B separatedby ineens of partitions 11, 1.1VV from the distillationconduits I), D an by means of partitions 12, 12 from each other. i Suchmov- Y able heating vessels or vessels for distillates as are exposed toa one-sided pressure may be sidewise supported by side rollers or halls13, 13.v Any Suitable mechanical means may be used for reciprocating thevessels H, H and C, C in opposite horizontal directions und preferablyso that two neighboring vcssels move always in opposite directions withrespect to each other. In thv` drawings ie' indicated n crank shaft 14with cranks 1T ro erly connected tothe heating vessels; i, I and withcranks 1li nt an :ingle of 180 degrees relative to the rrimknA 15 torrecio rocating the vessels (l, (l for distillatcsv The movable vesqelsll und l extending into the ohnmlmrs l pass through snit-- ableopenings; in the partition 11 which openings may fit well enongh toprevent on entrance ot' u considerable amount of solid fuel from thedistillation rouduits l), l.) into the chambers l5, l or spor-inl meansmay be provided for pre-venting auch :in entrance ln Figs. 3, 4 und 5two movable plates '17, 17 with tupvrcd edges are indicatcd which muy bendiustubly pronged against Ehe sides of tho movable vessels li und C bymenno of ruine` 18. Any Solid fuel that notwithstanding cutters into thuohnmbers B, B mu f be removrd through ports 19.

Any snitnlilc hunting ugent, pretcrubly hot combustible gus muy hemppiicel into tho lower" port oi eiu'h hunting weasel 1i and may pains4through ronduit@` 30? 2i), :i dis-- tributing cfunsil 21 und through gusoutlet@ 22 into n hunting rhnmber Q3, und in tht case that it isintcndvd to burn the gus, nir muy also be introdurcd into Huid huntingchamber 23 by means of tlm pipe nod regu loting vulve 24, the nirchamber 45 und the nir-outlets 26. The gus muy be ignited by spontaneousignition, if hot enough, or by any suitable menos, evcntuzilly throughtho ports 27 und 28. The rl-Hulting products olf combustion muy bediw'hurgcd from unizh hunting vessel Il. through the pipo und vulve 29into n chimney :iud'tho ntxnosplu-rc. or the heating ugent, whatever itmay consist of, muy be delivered through conduits 25u and 31 undhorizontal slots 2:52 und $525 into the fuel contuinefl in thcapport-.lining dis;A tillution conduit l) for hunting und finiti]A lingthe fuel therein. Suid vonduitf,` Zio anni 31 are oblong in their crolfwrtion :md c tablish two rows` oi slots, said rows ux tending peint thewhole longth or juist tho greater part of tho length oi' tho oppor--taining conduit 'D with tho voxnhined lengths of suid alot@l longer thanholt' the length of Suid conduit. The resulting mixture of distilhitcsund heuting und distilling agent muy bc sucked by menus of cxlmuntors`El und E und suit-.dile pipe connections into the horizontal slots 36und 37 respon. tively und into the interior of the vessels (l, C fordistinctes.

In the case that moist furl such us peut,

f'moist lignite or gurboge is ditilled, the distillutria generated inthe upper part of the distillation conduits i), l) and contniningnini-li ntcniu muy be kopt Srpurziti from the ront of thel distiilutrsgcnrrutrd farther down in the distillotion-condi:it I). l), in orderthat (listillsite's of dierent chemio-ui chururter muy later lie treatedund utilined or dersfroyed in n diftoront way. For this purpose upartition it muy ne proviind in #auch vessel und also u body oinon-hceit- .'foudsicting motorini Si) preventing :in cib clmnge oi'trnipcrutiure between distilrites of differ-out chemical rhs-tractor. 1nthe cose that tho distiliuter irut gvncrncd from moist: foi-,l rontoin.mine viiimtiole nonrronthrombin gus or anni. diuunse pro/during germsfrom gurluxgm thc rondiincli exhnuntcr nucl blou'i-r it* :mj: giuri:Sorb difitillntrs iron; the slots iii; sind tho pipo T4 through uvoudront-fr W tlfig. Vi; For rou druning nimm. otr., for afwntunilui.'diwbzirg- 'ing tier rwuliing wutvr luist un S obnied pipe or tr-.ip into:i neuer :unl for delivering the lunwondvnsziblo gos to may doiiroblelorutim.. profe'rubl-v into n body of iorundcsvent fuel, oslo-Multi.' intlu-` msc thut the nou-reauslcnfozbh gmx routninn diwuuc liroduringgorros from ',gjurimgc,

in ordini io iloffiiuwi n lli-Ming' und ii'uiilling ugcnt. iinvii-ruhig; gfzniiiy :i mrt oi' tin rrmiilru of :lisilzition und l'ortliiu purpose l inol'ornblr nrrungo :L f'om'ilustionf'lnlniincr orproiluee-rilu:l'l, l briow llulintillntion rouduits l, l). un @shown inifigs. l und i '.l'lw incl in tlul prmluf'ir-slmit ii in Figs. i unil Eii:- huiilortc-d by munir olI :L cliziin or link-.boli-c-onw'wr l" und byuuzsns oi' cooling rvwls li. K1. iuorubl'r supported la); rollers. iu|llor u'luu'ls lil loiutcd :nul Supporte-1l in turn within rhunillcrs l, 'lHnpusllwl by insumo` nlI partitions ll", lll from iiul ronduilsthl boloutlugmulurcr simil. l'. il 'I'unl( wlmi( 14" with rrunhs l und. lll:irrungwl :it nuglw: ol' lou di griech with rrspvrt. to mich otlwr. muyrc ripromtv ilu wusvls ii und K- prciurubly in horixoulul clirgrtiom.but in opposite direwiiuu willi i'oniur'r to wu'li oilivi'. Ali' und{ire|'cr:il|| wail-r or strooi Supplird through wipes `lul into thowoei-ls l( :md lii for :ilomrbiug limit from tho resultar of dislillzitioo bvi'oru thc 'dirwmrge tlm-roi" i'roui the Iowa-r imrt oi this:Winn-nin by moons oi' he ronwrvr if. Tho re'nuliing not mixturc ol':iir :ind strom li-ures thc ronald# l( :ind li* through horixoutulylot4` :il und nl'tcr Mite-ring into thc lowur port of the produrcrimlftlj rin-:s iu tho fue! lwil thm-ro in toward thc lowor mid ol' vnunl@` liund of ilul ifi-cls if., thm-chr ggfrncrutiug neuliwziivr gam in thuwcll known my. Vl`hcsu cuuulu :iii :irc providcd in stzltionury wnllS ofrefractory inutoriul 4L cui-li surh wail boing Suspended below ureciprocuily Enorduits 20, gas distributing p exhauster E for suckingable vessel H by means of a stationary metal frame 42 preferablyconsista of two long pieces of cast iron bolted toget er with the top ofa refractory wall between them. These stationary walls Lt1 extend downinto the fuel-bed w1thin the producer shaft P and the canals 35communicate through concanals E21 and gas outlrts 22 with heatingchambers 23 so that gas generated in the producer shaft P may flow intothe heating chambers 23 and may preferably be consumed therein.

Each of the vessels C being divided by partitions into severalcompartments, the lowest 43 of the latter is open at its bottom and isconnected by means of a pipe 44 to an a part of the semi- Watergasgenerated in the producer shaft P,

through fuel located above the lower end of the walls 4l and below thatof the vessels C. The hot semi-watergas in flowing from the producershaft P toward the chambers 43 acts as a distilling agent on this fueland evaporates the rest of volatile matter cony tained therein.

The movable parts of the required piping;r as are connected to themovable vessels ll., C, K, K1 are operatively connected to stationarypipes, exhausters or other stationary parts ofthe apparatus by means ofstuffing lmxcs 45 or by similar devices as will be understood by anymechanic.

The movable vessels H and C may preferably be provided with studs 4 forcrushin the fuel before it drops from the distillation conduits D, Dinto the producershaft P.

As the How of the fluid in this apparatus is promoted preferably bysuction, proper care is taken that air from the atmosphere can enterinto the apparatus only at desirable places and not through a magazine Mor through a store-room into which the prouced coke is delivered bymeans of the conveyer F.

The products of combustion a from the burningr of semi-watergas in theheating-chambers 23 consist mainly of nitrogen. rarbonic acid gas andsteam, formingr a mixture which by its passage through the fue] betweenthe slots 33 and 37 at '.1 mod-y erate temperature not effecting areduction of the carbonio acid gas to carbon-monoxid, mixes withpermanently gaseous and also with condensable distillates such as tar,naphtha, ammonia, etc. I heat the mixture of same and distilling fluidto red heat, thus decomposing the condensable distillates and disengagngcarbon therefrom which iu its nascent state combines with the carbonioacid to carbonmonoxid, theresult being that the condensa ble distillatesare converted into a. permanent, fixed as Without a consequential amountof so id or eondensable residue remaining therefrom. This resultresulting conduits D,

will be understood. by every engineer. Tn larger gas plants where 1t 1sof advantage to separately utilize the condensable distillates or a partthereof, l separate the same from the permanently gaseous part of the'gas mixture by the saine means that are ordinarily used for the same ora similar purpose,

The apparatus operates as follows: After some easily burning' fuel hasbeen placed on the convcyer F, being;r at rest, and has been ignited inany suitable way with the valves 29 open to a chimney, more fuel may besu pplied into the chambers G, (fr, and into the producer-shaft P andsome air, water or steam may be admitted into the vessels K and K1 wherethe Water will evaporate with increased heat from the fire. The exhausters El, E2 and E@ may then be started and more fuel supplied until theproducer-shaft l and the distillation conduits l), D are filled withfuel to their top. As soon as the fuel in the producer-shaft I hasbecome incandescent, semi-watergas will be generated and flow linto theheating chambers H, VH where it can be ignited through ports :2T and 28after air has been admitted through the valves and pipes 24. .A slowrotation of the crankshafts M and 14 may now be started and thereby areciproca] motion of the vessels H, (l, K and K1 fox-'agitatingr thefuel in the conduits D and (fr. By now closing the valves 29, theexhausters E and E2 suck products of combustion from the heatingchambers :'23 through the fuel in the conduits D, D and eventuallythrough thc i condenser n and deliver each a mixture of products ofcombustion and uncondensed distillates to some predetermined location.The exhauster E sucks at the same time semi-watergas through the fuel inthe upper part of the prmluoer-shaft l, thereby completely evaporatinarall volatile ingredients of this fuel. As soon as the process ofdistillation is thus suiiriently advanced, the conveyer F may start todeliver the residue of distillation into a storerooni separated from theatmosphere.

In the case that it is not intended to manufacture coke or charcoal, thecoolingr chambers K and K1 and the conveyer F may be dispensed with anda suitable grate substituted.

lith the use of certain kinds of fuel a rcrushing; of the produced cokeor charcoal 4may not be necessary and the studs l may accordingly bedispensed with. Also the eonveyer F `may be provided with means forbreaking the produced coke or charcoal when discharged from the lowerend of the D, and, with such provision made, the studs 4 may bedispensed with.

kported vessel for ol", means In such case the stroke of the reciprocalmotion of the vessels C1 and H1 may he reduced to a few inches or to aninch.

lu the case` that the production of a gas not containing a substantialquantityT ot' free nitrogen is desired. the slots il! and 3? may hedispensed with andthe products ot conihustion may he discharged from theheating vessel 23 through a pipe 2) (Figs, l and 2).

In order to more effectively heat the fuel in the distillation conduitsl), l) by means of a heating,lr vessel not in couimunication therewithhut heated to a higher tempera turc, a part of the heating vessel.especially a part oi' its long sidewalls may lio made oi' refraetorymaterial such as porrelain`y etc.

ln the case that it is desirable for reasons explained above to leadnou-eoiulensahle gas from moist lfuel and from a condenser lV intoineaxulescent residue of distillation or into a gas llanu, au exhausterFil may he connected either to a pine fl() and thi-roby to a coolingvessel K or li.

I claim:

l.. In an apparatus for l'ractiomilly distillinp; solid fuel, adistillation conduit constructed to convey solid fuel from a locality oflower toward one ol higher temperature, means for heating.;r luelconveyed within said conduit, an inlet l'or fuel and an outlet for solidcombustible into and 'out of respectively said ronduit, a plurality ol"outlets for' distillati-5 from said conduit and, intermediate hetwecnsaid inlet and said outlet at localities ol' temperatures different fromeach other, and a plurality of Canals each communicating through om.` ofsaid outlets for distillates with said conduit, and said canals adaptedto krop apart distillates of dill'i-rent chemical hal-autel'.

Vln an apparatus for distilling fuel` a distillation conduit, a movablysupported heating Vessel adapted to transfer heat to solid fuel in saidconduit, a movuhly suplhe discharge of' distillates from the said"onduit, and mechanical means for movingr the two said vessels foragitation' fuel in mid ronduit.

il. In an apparatus for distillingr fuel., a distillation conduit, twomovable side-walls ot' the said conduit on opposite sidesl therel'ortranst'erring;r heat to solid fuel in ,said conduit. a eau-al for thedischarge of distillatemfroni the said conduit, and mechanical meansloxmoving said two sidei'alls and llor thereby agitating fuel in :Saidconduit.

4. In an apparatus for distilling fuel, a distillation conduit, amovnhlv supported heating vessel adapted to transfer heat to fuel insaid conduit, a combustion chamber within said vessel, means forpupplying fuel and air into said combustion cl'iamber, and mechanicalmeans adapted to be continudistillation conduit for ously in operationfor moving said vessel and for thereby egitating fuel in said conduit.

5. ln an apparatus for distilling fuel, a distilling fuel, twostationary side-nails of the said conduit on nouw-:ite aides thereof,two movable side walls ol' the said conduit on opposite sides tlm-entr,and mechanical means adapted to more the said two movable side-wilhelmthereby agitation 'fuel in said conduit.

(l. ln an apparatus for distilling fuel, a distillation conduit`r twoperforated. movahle sidewalls on opposite sides of said conduit, a canalfor supplying a4 gaseous distilling fluid through. one of said sidewallsinto said ronduit, and a secoial canal for disrhar;'gingr a mixture ofdistillates and gaseons distilling fluid from said conduit through theother of said sidewalls.

T. lo an apparatus for distilling fuel, a plurality of oblong,substantially parallel distillation eondu'itsi4 two stationary sidewallson.` opposite sides of each of the said conduits, two movable sidewallson opposite aides of rauh of the said conduits` in mechanical means formoving Said movable sidewalls.

in an apparatus for distilling fuel. a pluralityV ol oblong'substantially parallel distillation conduits'. two perforated side*-walls on opposite sides et' and in Contact with the` fuel within cach ofsaid conduits, a source of hot distilliug fluid. and two canals providedfor each of Said conduits, one ol said two canals communicating withsaid source and through one ol said two pcrioratml walls with theappel-taining conduit, and the other of said two canals communicatingthrough the other of said two perforated walls with the saine conduitfor discharging: therefrom a mixture of distillates and said fluid.

fl. ln an apparatus for fractionally distilling solid fuel, adistillation conduit con'- structed to convey solid fuel from a.locality ot' lower toward one of higher temperature, means for heatingfuel conveyed Within said ronduit, three outlets for distillates fromsaid conduit at localities of temperatures dilllcrent from each othernand means forlieening apart dislillates of different chemicalcharacter'.

10. In an apparatusfor fractionally distilling solid fuel, adistillation conduit constructed to convey solid fuel from locality oflower toward one of higher temperature s. vplurality of inlets fordistilling fluid and a plurality of outlets for mixtures of said fluidand of distillates into and out of respectively said conduit atlocalities of tempvraturesdilerent from each other, and a plurality ofcanals for discharging from said outlets separately from each otherdistillatee of different chemical character.

11. In anapparatus for fractioniily dis tillingr solid fuel, adistillationconduit censtrut-ted to convey solid fuel in downwarddirection from locality of lower toward one ofn higher temperature,means for heatlng fuel conveyed within said conduit, means for agitatingfuel in substantially horizontal directions Within said conduit, and aplurality of outlets for distillates from said conduit at localities oftemperatures different from cach other,

1:2. In an apparatus for continuously distilling fuel, a distillationconduit con-- structed to continuously convey fue from an inlet for fuelin substantially vertical dlrection toward an outlet for solidcombustible, means provided to be continuously in operation forsupplying fuel into said inlet and for discharging solid combustiblefrom said outlet, a combustion chamber lateral to said conduit andconstructed to produce, while Ain operation, always gaseous products ofsubstantially, continually uniform chen-1i cal character, means formoving hot gaseous products of combustion from said chamber throughfuel'conveyed Within said conduit, and means for separating resultinggaseous mixture of said products and of distillates from resultingresidue of distillation.

13. In an apparatus for distilling fuel, a substantially verticaldistillation conduit, an inlet for fuei at the upper and an outlet forsolid combustible at the lower end of Said conduit, a continual sourceof combles tible gas of substantially` cmitinually uni form chemicalcharacter, a combustion chamber lateral to said conduit, an inlet forcombustible gas from said source and an air inlet into said chamber, andmeans for metr4 ing hot gaseous products of coi'nbustion from saidchamber through fuel within said conduit. v

1l. In an apparatus for continufmsly` dis tilling fuel, a distillationconduit constructed to continuously convey fuel from an inlet for fueltoward an outlet for solid combustible. means for continuously supplyingfuel into said inlet 'and for continuously discharging solid combustiblefrom said outlet, a continual source of combustible gas ofsubstantially, continually uniform chemical character. a heating chamberlateral to said conduit and communicating with said source andconstructed to heat fuel conveyed Within said conduit, and an inlet fora hot distilling fluid not containing a eonsequem tial amount of freeoxygen into, and an outlet for mixture of saiidiluid and of distillatesout of said Conduit through sidewalls thereof and at localitiesintermediate hetu'een said inlet for fuel and .said outlet for solidcombustible. V

l5. In an apparatus for continuously and fractionally distilling fuel. u'listillation conduit constructed to crntinuously convey fuel from alocality of lower toward one of higher temperature and to fractionallydistil said fuel during its conveyance. a plurality of inlets and aplurality of outlets through sidewalls of said conduit and at localitiesof temperatures different from each other, a combustion chambercommunieating, through said inlets with said conduit and provided fordelivering gaseous products of combustion thereinto, and a plurality ofcanals each communicating through one of said outlets with said conduitand provided for keeping apart distillatcs of different chemicalcharacter.

lli. ln an apparatus for fraetionally distilliug fuel, a distillationconduit constructed to convey fuel from a locality of lower toward oneof higher temperature and to fractionally distil said fuel, an inlet forfuel into and an outlet for solid combustible out of said conduit, aheating chamber lateral to vsaid conduit, an inlet and an outlet for aheating fluid into and out of respectively said chamber, a Vwallqualified to transfer heat from contents of said chamber tofuel-conveyed within said conduit, and a plurality of outlets fordistillates from said conduit intermediate between said inlet for ,fueland said outlet for solid combustible and at localities of temperaturesdifferent from each other for discharging separately from each otherdistillates of dif ferent chemical character.

17. In an apparatus for distilling fuel, a distillation conduit with twoopposite short and two opposite long sidewalls in its horizontalcross-section, an inlet for fuel and an outlet for solid combustibleatthe upper and lower end respectively of said conduit, a substantiallyhorizontalslot for the passage of fluid provided in one of the said longsidewalls at a locality intermediate between said inlet and the saidoutlet, said slot extending past the whole length or past the greaterpart of the length of said long side L wall, and means for moving'uidthrough Suid slot.

18. In an apparatus for distilling fuel, a distillation conduit with twoopposite shortand 'two opposite long sidewalls in its horizontalc1'osssection. an inlet for fuel and an outlet for solid combustible atthe upper and lower end respectively of -said conduit. a substantiallyhorizontal ro'w of slots for the passage of fluid provided in each ofthe sai long sidewalls at a locality intermediate between said inlet andsaid outlet` said trow extending past the whole. length or xthe greaterpart'of the length of said long ,sidewall and the combined length ofsaid slots occupying more than one half of said length of sidewall. andmeans for moving fluid through said slots.

lfl. In an lapparatus for distilling fuel. a

distillation conduit, means for heating fuel combustible residue o.disitillation, und. a

conveyer below saidvessel and constructed to convey combustible residueof distillation discharged from said conduit.

"20. In an apparatus for distilling fuel, a distillation conduit, meansfor heating fuel within said conduit, a movable coolingvesl sel, meansfor moving said vessel, an inlet -for a. cooling agent into said vessel,and a heatwnducting wall of said vessel and corsstructed to he incontact on one side with said agent and on an op osite side with hotcombustible residue o distillation for coolin this residue.

Q1. n an apparatus for distilling fuel, a

within said conduit,

distillation conduit, means for heating fuel a reciprocally movablecooling vessel, means for reciprocating said vessel, an inlet for a.cooling fluid 'into said vessel, and a heat-conducting wall of saidvessel and constructed to be in Contact on one side with said fluid andon an o posits side with hot, combustible residue ofpdivtil` lation forcooling this residue.

22. ln an apparatus for distilling fuel, a distillation conduit, aheating chamber, an inlet for a heating agent into said chamber, aheat-conducting wall of said chamber constructed to be in contact on oneside with said heatin Y agent and on an opposite side with fuel wlthinsaid conduit, a cooling vee sel, an inlet for a cooling agent into saidvessel, and a heatconducting wall of said vos sel and constructed to hein Contact on one side with said cooling agent 'and on an oo posite sidewith hot combustible residue of distillation discharged from saidconduit.

23. In an apparatus for distilling fuel, a distillation conduit, aheating chamber lateral to said conduit and communicating therewith, aninlet for a heating fluid ont containing a consequential amount of freeoxy en into said chamber, a canal for thc disc arge of distillatesand-lateral to said conduit but on an opposite side thereof with respectto said chamber, and means for sui-lt ing said fluid into said chamberand for .sucking distillates from said conduit into and out of saidcanal.

24. In an apparatus for distilling fuel, a distillation conduit, acombustion chamber for heatin fuel within said conduit and lateral to te latter, an inlet for combustible and an air-inlet into said chamber, aplurality of canalsceparate from each other for the discharge .ofdistllates and lateral to said conduit but on an opposite side thereoiIwith r to said chamber, and means for suckin distiller/es from saidconduit into each o said canals and to discharge distillates from eachof the same separately and kept apart from distillatcs sucked into anddischarged from :my other of said canals.

25. ln an apparatus lor distilling fuel, two distillation conduits, uninlet and an outlet for solid fuel into and out of respectively euch ofsaid two conduits, a comhustion chamber between the two said conduitsand constructed to heat fuel within euch of the latter, two inner Wallseach between said chamber and one of said two conduits, two outer wallseach ut the opposite side of one of said two conduits with respect tothe appertaining inner wall, and cach said outer wall provided with anoutlet for distillates.

26. ln an apparatus for distilling fuel, a plurality of distillationconduits substantially parallel to each other and each oblong in ahorizontal cross-section thereof, an inlet for solid fuel into the pierpart and un outlet for combustible resul from the lower part of each ofsaid conduits, aV plurality of heating chambers each adjacent to one ofsaid conduits and located on a iirst oblong side thereof, a pluralitv ofdiecharge-chambers ad'acent to but cpt apart from each other or theseparate disciargc of distillatcs of different character from euch oneof said conduits and located on an opposite oblong side of each one ofsaid conduits with respect to said first ob long side, and a wallconstructed to keep apart the contents of each two of said adieccntdischarge chambers.

27. In an apparatus for distilling fuel, a pluralitv of distillationconduits each constructe to convey solid fuel in a substantiallyvertical dirci-tion and to distil said fuel during its conveyance, aplurality of combustion chambers each lateral to one of said conduitsand each constructed to heat fuel in one ot tbc latter, a conveyor constructed to deliver. combustible residue of distillation dischur ed fromthe lower part of each one of sai conduits. a mechanism constructed todeliver fuel into the upper part of each one of said conduits, and meansfor moving said conveyor and said mecha nism. 28. In an apparatus fordistillingfuei'; l. plurality of d1stillation-conduits an inlet forsolid fuel into and an outlet lor residue of distillation out of eachone of said conduits, a plurality of heating chambers each lateral toand communicating with one of said conduits, an inlet for a. distillingfluid into each one of said heating chambers, a plurality of dischargechambers eachflateral to and communicating with one of said con duits,and means for leading said fluid into and through said heatin chambers,into and through said conduits and into and through saiddischarge-chambers for heatingr fuel within seid conduits andor discharging resulting distillates.

ue of distillation solid fuel into the upper part and an outlett'orcombustible residue of distillation` from .the lower part of each ofsaid conduits, a

plurality of combustion chambers each oblon in a. horizontalcrosslsection thereof an each adjacent and lateral to and between two ofsaid conduits, au inlet for combustible and an air-inlet into and anoutlet for gaseous products of combustion out of each of said chambers",and'mcans for transferring heat from said ,gaseous products to solidfuclwithin said conduits.

3l). lu au .apparatus for distilling fuel, two substantially uprightdistillation conduits lateral und sulistantially parallel to each otherand each oblong in a horizontal cross-section thereof, an inlet forsolid fuel into the upper, part and an outlet for residue `oidistillation from the lower part of cach of'said conduits, two heatingchambers each lateral and substantially parallel to jonc of saidconduits and communicating there with. and oblong in the same saidcrosssection, a source of heating agent communicat ing with each of saidheating;r chambers, a dicharge chamber lateral and'substa'ntiallyparallel to and between said conduits and communicating therewith andoblong in the 'same said cross-section, and means for leading gaseousfluid from said source through said heating chambers and through saidconduits into and through said discharge chamber. 4

31. In --an apparatus for distilling fuel, two combustion chambers, aninlet for combustiblc and an air-inlet into each one ot' said twochambers, a distillation conduit between the said two chambers, a wallbetween each one of said chambers and said conduit,

an inlet for solid fuel into the upper part of said conduit, an outletfor comhustil'ile `residue of distillation from the lower part of saidconduit,`and means for leading hot gaseous products from one of saidchambers through fuel in said conduit.

32. In an 'apparatus for distillin'g fuel, a' conduit constructed toconvey and distilfuel, an inlet for fuel into'and an outlet forcombustible residue of distillation from said conduit, a combustionchamber lateral to' said conduit, a wall between said chamber and saidconduit, an inlet for combustible and an air-inlet into said chambenimdmeans For leadingr hot gaseous products of combustion Vfrom said chamberpast said wall through fuel within said conduit."y

In anapparatus fordistilhng t'uel, a conduit oblong in a horizontalcrossfsectlon and constructed to convey and to distil sohd short'sidewalls of said conduit, an inlet for solid fuel into the upper part ofsaid conduit, an outlet for residue of distillation 'from a, lower partof said conduit, means' for heating one of said long side walls, an

aperture in the other of said long side-walls, and a canal communicatingthrough said aperture withA said conduit for discharging generateddistillates.

34. In an apparatus for distilliug fuel, a

conduit oblong in a vhorizontal cross-section a fuel, two opposite longand two opposite 65.

and constructed to convey and to istil solid j fuel, two Aopposite longperforated andtwo opposite short sidewalls of' said conduit,

means for heating a first of said longr per' foi-ated walls, means forleading,r a hot gaseous 'distilling fluid through said first of saidlong perforated walls into and through fuel within said conduit, anoutlet for a mixture' of said iiuid and distillates from the upper partof said conduit, and a canal communieating through a second'of said longperforated walls `with said conduit for discharging disti'llatestherefrom.

35. In an apparatus for distilling fuel, two separate combustionchambers at a dis tance from each other, a separate inlet forcombustible and 'a separate air-inlet into each one of said twochambers, means for conveying'solid fuel heated in a location betweensaid tivo chambers toward an outlet 4forresidue of distillation, meansfor leading hot gaseous products of combustion from said two chambersinto andthrough said solid fuel during said conveying, and means' wallsand constructed to convey` fuel from` an inlet forfuel ttm-jard anoutlet for solid combustible with said fuel distilled during itsconveyance, means for heating one o'f.

saidtwo `long sidewalls and thereby fuel;

conveyed in said conduit, a mechanical member provided to b'e inoperation for the impeding of an adherence of fuel under distillationwithin said conduit, to said one of said long sidewalls, and means formoving said member. t

37. In an apparatus for distilling fuel, a distillation conduit oblongin a horizontal cross-section thereof and provided withtwo oppositelonger and two opposite shorter t side walls .and constructed to conveyfuel. `from an inlet for tuel ln downwarddlret-tion toward vah outletfor solid combustible with said' fuel distilled during its conveyance.means for heating fuel within said conduit, and means for .agitatingfuel adjacent to said longer walls in ,substantially horizontaldirections for impeding its adherence to said longer walls.

38. In an apparatus for distilling fuel, a pluralityr of distillationconduits cach oblonff and all to each other substantially paral el in ahorizontal crosssection and constructed to convey fuel from an inlet forfuel toward un outlet for solid combustible with said fuel distilledduring itsI conveyance, a mechanical member provided for each one. ofsaid conduits to impede an adherence of fuel to a wall of theappertaining conduit, :and means for moving said meinber.

3S). In :in apparatus for continuously and fructioually distilling fuel,a distillation ronduit constructed to continuously convey a mass ol fuelfrom a locality of lower towa rd omI ol' higher temperature and to fracvtionalli` distl said mass during its conveyance, means l'or heating saidmass, means for witlulruwing distillates Yfrom said mass, und means forkeeping apart from each other distillates crap 'rated at localities oftemperatures diflerent from each other.

4U. In an apparatus for continuously and fraotionally distilling furl, aplurality of distillation conduits earh constructed to convey u uniss offuel from a locality of lower toward om of higher temperature andl'rartiomdilr dis-til said mass during its conveyance. nii-ans forwithdrawin distillates fro-'i said mass, and means or keeping al. i fromoaf-.h other distillates evaporated at localities of temperaturesdifferent from cach other.

4l. ln an apparatus for distillin fuel, a pluralityr of distillationconduits eac i oblong in a horizontal crosssectiou and each constructedto convey fuel from an inlet for fuel toward an outlet for solidcombustible with said fuel distilled during its conveyance, two oppositeshorter and two opposite longer sidewalls provided for each of saiconduits, and -u piuralityof substantially horizontal slots provided.'in each of said longer walls for the passage of fluid and locatedbetween said inlet and said outlet and means for moving fluid throughsaid slots.

42. In an apparatus for continuously distilling fuel, a distillationconduit constructed to continuously convey fuel from an inlet for fueltoward an outlet for solid combos tible with said fuel distilledduring'its conveyance.l a conveyor constructedto be com tinuously inoperation for supplying fuel toward said inlet, a second comjeyerconstructed to be continuously in operation for delivering solidcombustible discharged from said outlet, means for heatingfuel conveyedin said conduit, and meansor oontinuously separating resultingdistilates `from resulting combustible residue of distillatom,

top

43. In an apl'mratus for distilling fuel, a plurality of distillationconduits each ob long!` and all to each other suhstantiall parallel in ahorizontal cross-section t icreof and each constructed to convey fuelfrom un inlet for fuel toward an outlet for solid com hustihle with saidfuel distilled during its conveyance, two opposite shorter und twoopposite longer sidewalls provided for each of said conduits, and aplurality of substantially horizontal rows of slots provided in, cach ofsaid longer r alls for the passage ot fluid and located between saidinletand said outlet and each row extending past the whole length orvthe greater part of the length of the appertaining conduit, and meansfor movin fluid through a part of said slots into ani through anotherpartof said slots out of the appertainin conduit,

44. In an apparatus for distilling hiel, a distillation chamber, meansfor supplying solid fuel into and for discharging solid combustible outof said chamber, means for heatin and for thereby distillin'g fuel witlrin sai chamber, means for separating resulting distillate:l fromresulting residue of distillation, means for preventing an entrance of aconsequential amount of -air of natural chemical character into saidchamber, a source ot' carbonio acid, a canal constructed to be free of aconsequential amount of solid fuel, and means for su plying carbonioacid from said source tlirough said canal into said residue within saiddistillation chamber after said distillates have been separated fromsaid residue.

45. In an apparatus for distilling fuel, a distillation chamber, meansfor supplying solid fuel into and for discharging solid combustible outof said chamber, means for heatin and for thereby distilling fuel withinsai chamber, means for separating resulting distillates from resultingresidue of distillation, means for preventing an entrance of aconsequential amountof nir of natural chemical characteriinto said chamber, a combustion chamber constructed to produce, While in operation,always gaseous products not containing a consequential amount of freeoxygen but containing a aubV stantial amount of carbonio acid as resultof' almost complete combustion, means pro-` vided to prevent an entranceof a consequential amount of solid fuel from said distillm tion chamberinto said combustion chamber, means for supplying aseous products fromthe latter said cham r into, residue pre- 'viously separated from saiddistillates, and

means for discha'r 'ng resulting gaseoust fluid from said resi ue.

16. In an apparatus `for dstlllmg fuel, a distillation chamber, meansfor' supplying solid fue4 into and for -discharging solid combustibleont of said chamber,l means for heating and/for thereby Rolling-fuel'of,substantially continually, uniform chemical character, un airsupply, e combustion chamber communicating 'with said source, .With-saiduit' supply and with seid distillation chamber, means provided toprevent ,un 4,entrance of e consequential amount of solid fuel from saiddistillation chamber into seid combustion chamber, means for,

supplying gaseous products of combustion from they latterly said chamberinto residue.

previously sepuretedfrom seid distillates, and means for dischargingresulting fluid from said reeidue.-

47. In an apparatus for distilling fuel, e distillation chamber, meansfor supplying solid fuel into and for discharging solid combustible outof seid chamber, means for heating and for thereby distilling fuelwithin said chamber, .mcunsfor separating resulting distillates fromresulting residue of distillation, means for pre,- venting en entranceof e consequential amount of .air of natural chemical cheracter intoscid chamber, a primary combustion chamber constructed to produce, Whilein operation always" substantially one und the same kind of combustiblegus with respect. to the chemical character thereof, un air-supply, esecondary com hustion ohumber iu communication Vwith seid primarycombustion chamber, with said air-suply' und with mid distillationchamber and) constructed to producevr gaseous products containing asubstantiel amount' of carbonio acid, and means 'for' supplyingresultinggaseous products from said secondary combustion chamber into residueseparated from said distillates'.'

4,8. In un apparatus for fractionally disf tilling fuel, n distillationconduit constructed to convey h muss of solid fuel from n zone of lowertemperature `in con-l trl etes of different chemical character und'secutive order through u` plurality of distillution zones of graduallyincreusedtempeintures-euch subsequent .zone of u higher tempera-turethan the preceding zone-toward a receptacle for soli( combustible,meuiis for 'preventing an eutiunce of o consequential amount of freeoxygen Ifrom the 'atmosphere into fuel conveyed within said zones, menusfor heating fuel conveyed A within suifl distillation zones. means for.ogituting fuel within suid distilluton zones m directions transverse tothe direction ol its conveyance. unil means for discharging generateddistllutcs 4separately out of cach one of Suid distillation zones.

10. in z vru'utus for distillingr fuel` fau-lult constructed to conveyrseid receptacle, ineens, for preventin fuel from un inlet for .fueltoward an outlet for combustible residue of distillation, y

means `tor' heating and thereby distilling fuel conveyed within saidconduit, n movable sidewall' of said conduit 'and located between suidinlet and seid outlet. and

meunsfor moving Suid sidewall.

'In un apparatus for distilling fuel, l a distillation conduitconstructed to convey fuel from un inlet for fueltou'nrd u coolingconduit, means for heating und thereby distilling fuel within vseid4distillation conduit,meuns for cooling combustible residue ofdistillation within said cooling conduit, a. moveble'wall of saidcooling conduit, und ineens for moving said welll.

- 51. In an apparatus for distilling fuel, c. distillation conduitconstructed to con- Vey fuel from an inlet for fuel toward an outlet forcombustible residue of distillation, an' aperture in a sidewall of saidconduit und 4located between said inlet and said outlet, means providedto prevntgan entrance of a consequential .amount of 4nir in its naturalchemical composition into seid conduit, o. combustion' chambercommunicating through said uperture with' seid Vconduit and constructedto produce, while in operation, always gaseous products ofsubstantially, continually uniform chemical character, and means fordischarging a mixture of said gaseous products and of distillntes fromsaid conduit.

"52. A. combination with an apparatus for fractional distillation. undcomprising, 'a plurality of distillation-zones partly of lower andpartly of higher temperature` with respect to each other, e receptaclefor combustible residue of distillation, e, conduit, meuns for movingportions of a ifnussl of solid fuel in downward direction Within seidconduit through said zones toward,

an entrance of a consequential amount o air of natural chemicalcharacter into said conduit, a heating chamber lateral to seid conduitand adapted to heut fuel in the lutter, u luriility of separatereceptacles for disseparately from any other of saidzcunalsdiillatesfrom one of seid zones to one of said receptacles for distilletes.

53. A'combination with an apparatus for lot fractional distillation andcomprising, a,

plurality of distillation zones partly o f louer und partly of highertemperature with respect to eachother. a conveyor-,for

delivering combustible residue of distille# tion, a conduit, means formoving portions of a muss oi' solid fuel within said condiiit throughseid zones toward said conveyer, a plurality of separate receptacles fordis'.-

:llill tillatcs of different chemical character and located exterior ofbut in operative prox. imity to said apparatus. and a plurality ofcanals each constructed to deliver separately from unyother of saidcanals diS- tillates from one oi said said receptacles for distillates.

54. A combination with an apparatus for fractional distillation` andcomprising, a first distillation zone of lower and a, seconddistillation zone of higher temperature with respect to each other, areceptacle for combustible residue of distillation, a conduit, means formoving portions of a mass of solid fuel within said conduit; throufhsaid zones toward said receptacle, means For preventing au entrance of aconsequential amount ot' air of natural chemical character into saidconduit, an aperture in a sidewall ot said conduit., means for heatingand for thereby distilling fuel in said first zone, means for leading adistilling duid containingl a substantial amount oi' carbonio acidthrough said aperture into fuel within said second zone, two separatereceptacles for distillates of different chemical character and locatedexterior of but in operative proximity to said apparatus, and tirocanals each constructed to deliver separately from the other one thereofdistillates from one ofsaid zones to ono of said receptacles fordistillates.

In an apparatus for distilling fuel, two walls at a. distance from eachother, two aperturesl one thereof provided within one and the otherthereot` provided within the other of said walls, al receptacle forsolid fuel, means for moving a mass of fuel between and in Contact withsaid Walls from said receptacle past said apertures toward an outlet forcombustible residue of distillation, means tor leading.,r through eachone ot' said apertures gaseous products oi' combustion not containing aconsequential amount of air of natural chemical chan aeter, into fuelbetween said walls, and means for separating rewriting,r fluid fromresulting combustible residue of distillation.

5G. In an apparatus for the production ot' distillates and combustibleresidue of distillation, a distillation conduit, means for moving e massof solid fuel from a recepv tacle therefor in downward direction throughsalid conduit toward an outlet of the latter, means for leading; a hotdistilling fluid uotcontainingr a consequential amount of air of naturalchemical character, into fuel of said mass while moving within saidconduit, means Jor sepa'ratin resulting mixture of said fluid anddistillates 'from resulting' combustible residue of distillation, andmeans for transporting resulting separated combustible rcsidue frombelow said outlet in a direction transverse to the direczones to one oftion ot' Isaid moving toward the exterior of said apparatus.

57. A combination with an apparatus for V'fractional distillation andcomprising, a rccoptacle forv combustible residue of distillation, adistillation conduit for conveying solid fuel from a locality of lowerthrough one ol' higher tcn'lperature toward Said receptacle, means l'orpreventing an entrance of a consequential. amount of air into fuelwithin said ronduit, means for heating fuel conveyed within saidconduit, a plurality of outlets for distillates from said conduit atlocalities of' temperatures different from each other, a plurality ofseparate. receptacles for dstillates ot different Achemical characterand located at the exterior of said-apparatus, anda plurality of canalseach for delivering separately from any other ol' said canalsdistillates from one of said outletsl to one of said receptacles fordistillates,

5S. A combination with an apparatus for fractional distillation andcomprising, aren ceptacle for combustible residue of distillation, adistillation conduit'for conveying solid fuel from a locality of lowerpast one oi higher temperature toward said receptacle means `for heatingfuel conveyed within said conduit, three outlets for distillates fromsaid conduit at localities of temperatures ditl'ercx1t-fron1 eachother,three separate receptacles for distillates of different chemicalcharacter' and'located at the exterior of said apparatus, and threecanals each tor delivering separately from the other two of said canals,distillates from one of said outlets to one of said receptacles fordistillate-S.

5l). In an apparatus for distilling fuel, a distillation chamber, meansfor supplying solid fuel into and for discharging oomhustihle residue oidistillation out of said chamber, means 'tor leading a rst distillingfluid not containing a consequential amount of air, into fuel withinsaid chamber for primarily distilling said fuel, means for separatingresulting distillates from resultin ar residue, means for leading asecond distilling Huid of chemical character dierent `trom that of saidfirst fluid but not containing a consequential amount of' air of naturalchemical character, into said residue for sccondarily distilling thelatter, means for separating resultinganixtnre of gaseous liuids 'fromresulting residue of secondary distillation, and means 'for dischargingseparately from cach other said mixture and said distillates from saidchamber.

(i0. ln an apparatus t'or dstilling fuel, two combustion chambers at adistance from each other and constructedl to produce, while inoperation, always substantially one and the same kind of gaseousproducts with sus respect to the chemical character of the latter, andone of said chambers partly located in one with the other of saidchambers partlylocated in the other of two geol metrical vertical planesparallel to each other, a receptacle for solid fuel, means for moving amass of fuel from said receptacle in downward direction between saidplanes toward an outletl for combustible residue of distillation, meansfor preventing an entrance of a consequentia amount ofA air of naturalchemical character into fuel of said mass during its said moving, meansfor leading gaseous products from both said chambers through fuel 'ofsaid mass during i its said moving, means for separating resultingmixture of gaseous fluids from 'resulting combustible residue ofdistillation, and means for transportin resulting separatedv combustibleresidue outlet in a direction transverse to that of said moving towardthe exterior of said upparatus. i

HENNING FRIEDRICH WALLHANN.

Witnesses:

WILLIAM D. PnNnnm'roN, JOHN R. PENNme'roN.

rom below said 2e

